Typeclasses for groups with an adjoined zero element

This file provides just the typeclass definitions, and the projection lemmas that expose their members.

Main definitions

• GroupWithZero
• CommGroupWithZero

class MulZeroClass (M₀ : Type u) extends Mul , Zero : Type u

Typeclass for expressing that a type M₀ with multiplication and a zero satisfies 0 * a = 0 and a * 0 = 0 for all a : M₀.

• mul : M₀ → M₀ → M₀
• zero : M₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 0 * a = 0

  Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

• mul_zero : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 0 = 0

  Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

Instances

• AddOpposite.instMulZeroClass
• MulOpposite.instMulZeroClass
• Pi.mulZeroClass
• Prod.instMulZeroClass
• WithZero.mulZeroClass
• instMulZeroClassLex
• instMulZeroClassOrderDual

@[simp]

theorem MulZeroClass.zero_mul {M₀ : Type u} [self : MulZeroClass M₀] (a : M₀) : 0 * a = 0

Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

@[simp]

theorem MulZeroClass.mul_zero {M₀ : Type u} [self : MulZeroClass M₀] (a : M₀) : a * 0 = 0

Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

class IsLeftCancelMulZero (M₀ : Type u) [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] : Prop

A mixin for left cancellative multiplication by nonzero elements.

• mul_left_cancel_of_ne_zero : ∀ {a b c : M₀}, a ≠ 0 → a * b = a * c → b = c

  Multiplication by a nonzero element is left cancellative.

theorem IsLeftCancelMulZero.mul_left_cancel_of_ne_zero {M₀ : Type u} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [self : IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} : a ≠ 0 → a * b = a * c → b = c

Multiplication by a nonzero element is left cancellative.

theorem mul_left_cancel₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} (ha : a ≠ 0) (h : a * b = a * c) : b = c

theorem mul_right_injective₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀] {a : M₀} (ha : a ≠ 0) : Function.Injective fun (x : M₀) => a * x

class IsRightCancelMulZero (M₀ : Type u) [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] : Prop

A mixin for right cancellative multiplication by nonzero elements.

• mul_right_cancel_of_ne_zero : ∀ {a b c : M₀}, b ≠ 0 → a * b = c * b → a = c

  Multiplicatin by a nonzero element is right cancellative.

theorem IsRightCancelMulZero.mul_right_cancel_of_ne_zero {M₀ : Type u} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [self : IsRightCancelMulZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} : b ≠ 0 → a * b = c * b → a = c

Multiplicatin by a nonzero element is right cancellative.

theorem mul_right_cancel₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsRightCancelMulZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} (hb : b ≠ 0) (h : a * b = c * b) : a = c

theorem mul_left_injective₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsRightCancelMulZero M₀] {b : M₀} (hb : b ≠ 0) : Function.Injective fun (a : M₀) => a * b

class IsCancelMulZero (M₀ : Type u) [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] extends IsLeftCancelMulZero , IsRightCancelMulZero : Prop

A mixin for cancellative multiplication by nonzero elements.

Instances

• NoZeroDivisors.to_isCancelMulZero
• Subsingleton.to_isCancelMulZero

class NoZeroDivisors (M₀ : Type u_4) [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] : Prop

Predicate typeclass for expressing that a * b = 0 implies a = 0 or b = 0 for all a and b of type G₀.

• eq_zero_or_eq_zero_of_mul_eq_zero : ∀ {a b : M₀}, a * b = 0 → a = 0 ∨ b = 0

  For all a and b of G₀, a * b = 0 implies a = 0 or b = 0.

Instances

• AddOpposite.instNoZeroDivisors
• Associates.instNoZeroDivisors
• CancelMonoidWithZero.to_noZeroDivisors
• CanonicallyOrderedCommSemiring.toNoZeroDivisors
• GroupWithZero.noZeroDivisors
• IsDomain.to_noZeroDivisors
• LinearOrderedSemiring.noZeroDivisors
• MulOpposite.instNoZeroDivisors
• Subsingleton.to_noZeroDivisors
• WithZero.noZeroDivisors
• instNoZeroDivisorsLex
• instNoZeroDivisorsOrderDual

theorem NoZeroDivisors.eq_zero_or_eq_zero_of_mul_eq_zero {M₀ : Type u_4} [Mul M₀] [Zero M₀] [self : NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : a * b = 0 → a = 0 ∨ b = 0

For all a and b of G₀, a * b = 0 implies a = 0 or b = 0.

class SemigroupWithZero (S₀ : Type u) extends Semigroup , Zero : Type u

A type S₀ is a "semigroup with zero” if it is a semigroup with zero element, and 0 is left and right absorbing.

• mul : S₀ → S₀ → S₀
• mul_assoc : ∀ (a b c : S₀), a * b * c = a * (b * c)
• zero : S₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : S₀), 0 * a = 0

  Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

• mul_zero : ∀ (a : S₀), a * 0 = 0

  Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

Instances

• AddOpposite.instSemigroupWithZero
• MulOpposite.instSemigroupWithZero
• Pi.semigroupWithZero
• Prod.instSemigroupWithZero
• WithZero.semigroupWithZero
• instSemigroupWithZeroLex
• instSemigroupWithZeroOrderDual

class MulZeroOneClass (M₀ : Type u) extends MulOneClass , Zero : Type u

A typeclass for non-associative monoids with zero elements.

• one : M₀
• mul : M₀ → M₀ → M₀
• one_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 1 * a = a
• mul_one : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 1 = a
• zero : M₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 0 * a = 0

  Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

• mul_zero : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 0 = 0

  Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

Instances

• AddOpposite.instMulZeroOneClass
• MulOpposite.instMulZeroOneClass
• Pi.mulZeroOneClass
• Prod.instMulZeroOneClass
• WithZero.mulZeroOneClass
• instMulZeroOneClassLex
• instMulZeroOneClassOrderDual

class MonoidWithZero (M₀ : Type u) extends Monoid , Zero : Type u

A type M₀ is a “monoid with zero” if it is a monoid with zero element, and 0 is left and right absorbing.

• mul : M₀ → M₀ → M₀
• mul_assoc : ∀ (a b c : M₀), a * b * c = a * (b * c)
• one : M₀
• one_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 1 * a = a
• mul_one : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 1 = a
• npow : ℕ → M₀ → M₀
• npow_zero : ∀ (x : M₀), Monoid.npow 0 x = 1
• npow_succ : ∀ (n : ℕ) (x : M₀), Monoid.npow (n + 1) x = Monoid.npow n x * x
• zero : M₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 0 * a = 0

  Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

• mul_zero : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 0 = 0

  Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

Instances

• AddOpposite.instMonoidWithZero
• MulOpposite.instMonoidWithZero
• NonUnitalRingHom.instMonoidWithZero
• NonUnitalStarRingHom.instMonoidWithZero
• Nonneg.monoidWithZero
• Pi.monoidWithZero
• Prod.instMonoidWithZero
• WithZero.monoidWithZero
• instMonoidWithZeroLex
• instMonoidWithZeroOrderDual

class CancelMonoidWithZero (M₀ : Type u_4) extends MonoidWithZero , IsCancelMulZero : Type u_4

A type M is a CancelMonoidWithZero if it is a monoid with zero element, 0 is left and right absorbing, and left/right multiplication by a non-zero element is injective.

Instances

• CancelCommMonoidWithZero.toCancelMonoidWithZero
• GroupWithZero.toCancelMonoidWithZero
• IsDomain.toCancelMonoidWithZero
• instCancelMonoidWithZeroLex
• instCancelMonoidWithZeroOrderDual

class CommMonoidWithZero (M₀ : Type u_4) extends CommMonoid , Zero : Type u_4

A type M is a commutative “monoid with zero” if it is a commutative monoid with zero element, and 0 is left and right absorbing.

• mul : M₀ → M₀ → M₀
• mul_assoc : ∀ (a b c : M₀), a * b * c = a * (b * c)
• one : M₀
• one_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 1 * a = a
• mul_one : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 1 = a
• npow : ℕ → M₀ → M₀
• npow_zero : ∀ (x : M₀), Monoid.npow 0 x = 1
• npow_succ : ∀ (n : ℕ) (x : M₀), Monoid.npow (n + 1) x = Monoid.npow n x * x
• mul_comm : ∀ (a b : M₀), a * b = b * a
• zero : M₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : M₀), 0 * a = 0

  Zero is a left absorbing element for multiplication

• mul_zero : ∀ (a : M₀), a * 0 = 0

  Zero is a right absorbing element for multiplication

Instances

• Associates.instCommMonoidWithZero
• CommSemiring.toCommMonoidWithZero
• Nonneg.commMonoidWithZero
• Pi.commMonoidWithZero
• Prod.instCommMonoidWithZero
• WithZero.commMonoidWithZero
• instCommMonoidWithZeroLex
• instCommMonoidWithZeroOrderDual

theorem mul_left_inj' {M₀ : Type u_1} [CancelMonoidWithZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} (hc : c ≠ 0) : a * c = b * c ↔ a = b

theorem mul_right_inj' {M₀ : Type u_1} [CancelMonoidWithZero M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} {c : M₀} (ha : a ≠ 0) : a * b = a * c ↔ b = c

theorem IsLeftCancelMulZero.to_isRightCancelMulZero {M₀ : Type u_1} [CommSemigroup M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀] : IsRightCancelMulZero M₀

theorem IsRightCancelMulZero.to_isLeftCancelMulZero {M₀ : Type u_1} [CommSemigroup M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsRightCancelMulZero M₀] : IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀

theorem IsLeftCancelMulZero.to_isCancelMulZero {M₀ : Type u_1} [CommSemigroup M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsLeftCancelMulZero M₀] : IsCancelMulZero M₀

theorem IsRightCancelMulZero.to_isCancelMulZero {M₀ : Type u_1} [CommSemigroup M₀] [Zero M₀] [IsRightCancelMulZero M₀] : IsCancelMulZero M₀

class CancelCommMonoidWithZero (M₀ : Type u_4) extends CommMonoidWithZero , IsLeftCancelMulZero : Type u_4

A type M is a CancelCommMonoidWithZero if it is a commutative monoid with zero element, 0 is left and right absorbing, and left/right multiplication by a non-zero element is injective.

Instances

• Associates.instCancelCommMonoidWithZero
• CommGroupWithZero.toCancelCommMonoidWithZero
• Int.instCancelCommMonoidWithZero
• IsDomain.toCancelCommMonoidWithZero
• Nat.instCancelCommMonoidWithZero
• instCancelCommMonoidWithZeroLex
• instCancelCommMonoidWithZeroOrderDual

@[instance 100]

instance CancelCommMonoidWithZero.toCancelMonoidWithZero {M₀ : Type u_1} [CancelCommMonoidWithZero M₀] : CancelMonoidWithZero M₀

Equations

• CancelCommMonoidWithZero.toCancelMonoidWithZero = let __src := ⋯; CancelMonoidWithZero.mk

class MulDivCancelClass (M₀ : Type u_4) [MonoidWithZero M₀] [Div M₀] : Prop

Prop-valued mixin for a monoid with zero to be equipped with a cancelling division.

The obvious use case is groups with zero, but this condition is also satisfied by ℕ, ℤ and, more generally, any euclidean domain.

• mul_div_cancel : ∀ (a b : M₀), b ≠ 0 → a * b / b = a

Instances

• GroupWithZero.toMulDivCancelClass
• Int.instMulDivCancelClass
• Nat.instMulDivCancelClass

theorem MulDivCancelClass.mul_div_cancel {M₀ : Type u_4} [MonoidWithZero M₀] [Div M₀] [self : MulDivCancelClass M₀] (a : M₀) (b : M₀) : b ≠ 0 → a * b / b = a

@[simp]

theorem mul_div_cancel_right₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [MonoidWithZero M₀] [Div M₀] [MulDivCancelClass M₀] {b : M₀} (a : M₀) (hb : b ≠ 0) : a * b / b = a

@[simp]

theorem mul_div_cancel_left₀ {M₀ : Type u_1} [CommMonoidWithZero M₀] [Div M₀] [MulDivCancelClass M₀] {a : M₀} (b : M₀) (ha : a ≠ 0) : a * b / a = b

class GroupWithZero (G₀ : Type u) extends MonoidWithZero , Inv , Div , Nontrivial : Type u

A type G₀ is a “group with zero” if it is a monoid with zero element (distinct from 1) such that every nonzero element is invertible. The type is required to come with an “inverse” function, and the inverse of 0 must be 0.

Examples include division rings and the ordered monoids that are the target of valuations in general valuation theory.

• mul : G₀ → G₀ → G₀
• mul_assoc : ∀ (a b c : G₀), a * b * c = a * (b * c)
• one : G₀
• one_mul : ∀ (a : G₀), 1 * a = a
• mul_one : ∀ (a : G₀), a * 1 = a
• npow : ℕ → G₀ → G₀
• npow_zero : ∀ (x : G₀), Monoid.npow 0 x = 1
• npow_succ : ∀ (n : ℕ) (x : G₀), Monoid.npow (n + 1) x = Monoid.npow n x * x
• zero : G₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : G₀), 0 * a = 0
• mul_zero : ∀ (a : G₀), a * 0 = 0
• inv : G₀ → G₀
• div : G₀ → G₀ → G₀
• div_eq_mul_inv : ∀ (a b : G₀), a / b = a * b⁻¹

  a / b := a * b⁻¹

• zpow : ℤ → G₀ → G₀

  The power operation: a ^ n = a * ··· * a; a ^ (-n) = a⁻¹ * ··· a⁻¹ (n times)

• zpow_zero' : ∀ (a : G₀), GroupWithZero.zpow 0 a = 1

  a ^ 0 = 1

• zpow_succ' : ∀ (n : ℕ) (a : G₀), GroupWithZero.zpow (Int.ofNat n.succ) a = GroupWithZero.zpow (Int.ofNat n) a * a

  a ^ (n + 1) = a ^ n * a

• zpow_neg' : ∀ (n : ℕ) (a : G₀), GroupWithZero.zpow (Int.negSucc n) a = (GroupWithZero.zpow (↑n.succ) a)⁻¹

  a ^ -(n + 1) = (a ^ (n + 1))⁻¹

• exists_pair_ne : ∃ (x : G₀), ∃ (y : G₀), x ≠ y
• inv_zero : 0⁻¹ = 0

  The inverse of 0 in a group with zero is 0.

• mul_inv_cancel : ∀ (a : G₀), a ≠ 0 → a * a⁻¹ = 1

  Every nonzero element of a group with zero is invertible.

Instances

• AddOpposite.instGroupWithZero
• MulOpposite.instGroupWithZero
• WithZero.groupWithZero
• instGroupWithZeroLex
• instGroupWithZeroOrderDual

@[simp]

theorem GroupWithZero.inv_zero {G₀ : Type u} [self : GroupWithZero G₀] : 0⁻¹ = 0

The inverse of 0 in a group with zero is 0.

theorem GroupWithZero.mul_inv_cancel {G₀ : Type u} [self : GroupWithZero G₀] (a : G₀) : a ≠ 0 → a * a⁻¹ = 1

Every nonzero element of a group with zero is invertible.

@[simp]

theorem mul_inv_cancel {G₀ : Type u} [GroupWithZero G₀] {a : G₀} (h : a ≠ 0) : a * a⁻¹ = 1

@[instance 100]

instance GroupWithZero.toMulDivCancelClass {G₀ : Type u} [GroupWithZero G₀] : MulDivCancelClass G₀

Equations

• ⋯ = ⋯

class CommGroupWithZero (G₀ : Type u_4) extends CommMonoidWithZero , Inv , Div , Nontrivial : Type u_4

A type G₀ is a commutative “group with zero” if it is a commutative monoid with zero element (distinct from 1) such that every nonzero element is invertible. The type is required to come with an “inverse” function, and the inverse of 0 must be 0.

• mul : G₀ → G₀ → G₀
• mul_assoc : ∀ (a b c : G₀), a * b * c = a * (b * c)
• one : G₀
• one_mul : ∀ (a : G₀), 1 * a = a
• mul_one : ∀ (a : G₀), a * 1 = a
• npow : ℕ → G₀ → G₀
• npow_zero : ∀ (x : G₀), Monoid.npow 0 x = 1
• npow_succ : ∀ (n : ℕ) (x : G₀), Monoid.npow (n + 1) x = Monoid.npow n x * x
• mul_comm : ∀ (a b : G₀), a * b = b * a
• zero : G₀
• zero_mul : ∀ (a : G₀), 0 * a = 0
• mul_zero : ∀ (a : G₀), a * 0 = 0
• inv : G₀ → G₀
• div : G₀ → G₀ → G₀
• div_eq_mul_inv : ∀ (a b : G₀), a / b = a * b⁻¹

  a / b := a * b⁻¹

• zpow : ℤ → G₀ → G₀

  The power operation: a ^ n = a * ··· * a; a ^ (-n) = a⁻¹ * ··· a⁻¹ (n times)

• zpow_zero' : ∀ (a : G₀), CommGroupWithZero.zpow 0 a = 1

  a ^ 0 = 1

• zpow_succ' : ∀ (n : ℕ) (a : G₀), CommGroupWithZero.zpow (Int.ofNat n.succ) a = CommGroupWithZero.zpow (Int.ofNat n) a * a

  a ^ (n + 1) = a ^ n * a

• zpow_neg' : ∀ (n : ℕ) (a : G₀), CommGroupWithZero.zpow (Int.negSucc n) a = (CommGroupWithZero.zpow (↑n.succ) a)⁻¹

  a ^ -(n + 1) = (a ^ (n + 1))⁻¹

• exists_pair_ne : ∃ (x : G₀), ∃ (y : G₀), x ≠ y
• inv_zero : 0⁻¹ = 0

  The inverse of 0 in a group with zero is 0.

• mul_inv_cancel : ∀ (a : G₀), a ≠ 0 → a * a⁻¹ = 1

  Every nonzero element of a group with zero is invertible.

Instances

• Rat.commGroupWithZero
• WithZero.commGroupWithZero
• instCommGroupWithZeroLex
• instCommGroupWithZeroOrderDual

theorem eq_zero_or_one_of_sq_eq_self {M₀ : Type u_1} [CancelMonoidWithZero M₀] {x : M₀} (hx : x ^ 2 = x) : x = 0 ∨ x = 1

@[simp]

theorem mul_inv_cancel_right₀ {G₀ : Type u} [GroupWithZero G₀] {b : G₀} (h : b ≠ 0) (a : G₀) : a * b * b⁻¹ = a

@[simp]

theorem mul_inv_cancel_left₀ {G₀ : Type u} [GroupWithZero G₀] {a : G₀} (h : a ≠ 0) (b : G₀) : a * (a⁻¹ * b) = b

theorem mul_eq_zero_of_left {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] {a : M₀} (h : a = 0) (b : M₀) : a * b = 0

theorem mul_eq_zero_of_right {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] (a : M₀) {b : M₀} (h : b = 0) : a * b = 0

@[simp]

theorem mul_eq_zero {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : a * b = 0 ↔ a = 0 ∨ b = 0

If α has no zero divisors, then the product of two elements equals zero iff one of them equals zero.

@[simp]

theorem zero_eq_mul {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : 0 = a * b ↔ a = 0 ∨ b = 0

If α has no zero divisors, then the product of two elements equals zero iff one of them equals zero.

theorem mul_ne_zero_iff {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : a * b ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0 ∧ b ≠ 0

If α has no zero divisors, then the product of two elements is nonzero iff both of them are nonzero.

theorem mul_eq_zero_comm {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : a * b = 0 ↔ b * a = 0

If α has no zero divisors, then for elements a, b : α, a * b equals zero iff so is b * a.

theorem mul_ne_zero_comm {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} {b : M₀} : a * b ≠ 0 ↔ b * a ≠ 0

If α has no zero divisors, then for elements a, b : α, a * b is nonzero iff so is b * a.

theorem mul_self_eq_zero {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} : a * a = 0 ↔ a = 0

theorem zero_eq_mul_self {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} : 0 = a * a ↔ a = 0

theorem mul_self_ne_zero {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} : a * a ≠ 0 ↔ a ≠ 0

theorem zero_ne_mul_self {M₀ : Type u_1} [MulZeroClass M₀] [NoZeroDivisors M₀] {a : M₀} : 0 ≠ a * a ↔ a ≠ 0